Seasonal Development of Plant Bugs (Heteroptera, Miridae): Subfamily Phylinae, Tribes Pilophorini, Hallodapini, and Phylini

Abstract: The review analyzes the available literature data on the seasonal development of plant bugs of the subfamily Phylinae distributed in the Holarctic Region. The data set concerns 39 species from 3 tribes: Pilophorini, Hallodapini, and Phylini. The tribe Pilophorini is represented by 5 species, 3 of which complete one generation per year and hibernate at the egg stage. However, there is no reason to believe that their annual cycles are obligatory univoltine, since they have been studied only in regions with a relatively cold climate. Two other species of this tribe, Pilophorus confusus and P. typicus, are multivoltine in regions with a warmer climate (Spain and Japan, respectively), where they also overwinter at the egg stage. The data on 3 species of the tribe Hallodapini indicate that they have similar seasonal cycles with a single generation per year and overwintering at the egg stage. The greatest diversity of seasonal patterns is known in the tribe Phylini. Two out of 5 Chlamydatus species included in this review overwinter as adults, although overwintering at the egg stage is generally characteristic of the family Miridae. Three species of this genus have a multivoltine seasonal cycle, and no data are available on the voltinism and overwintering stage of two other species, Ch. allii and Ch. wilkinsoni. Of the remaining 26 species of the tribe Phylini, 6 species have a multivoltine seasonal cycle and complete from 2 to 4 generations per year in different climatic zones. The bivoltine Campylomma verbasci from the same tribe has a seasonal adaptation unusual for true bugs, namely the shift of host plants during the year realized by different generations: after overwintering, the bugs move from woody plants to herbaceous ones. In general, the subfamily Phylinae is very species-rich and has highly diverse ecological characteristics, such as trophic specialization, voltinism, overwintering stage, seasonal shift of host plants, wing polymorphism, etc. © 2022, Pleiades Publishing, Ltd.