Rehabilitation of a patient with overlap of acute transverse myelitis and Bickerstaff’s brainstem encephalitis: a case report

We report on one patient with Bickerstaff’s brainstem encephalitis (BBE) and associated flaccid weakness. Counter to previous studies with BBE which indicate weakness due to Guillain–Barre syndrome, our patient’s presentation of paraplegia following BBE is consistent with concomitant acute transverse myelitis. Her findings of BBE largely resolved, although she remained with T6 American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) A paraplegia. Motor functional impairment measure scores improved from 20 at admission to 66 before discharge home with assistance. This case presents the first potential overlapping case of acute transverse myelitis with BBE and describes how acute inpatient rehabilitation can be effective in facilitating transition back to independence following tetraplegia with BBE.