CHHP: coverage optimization and hole healing protocol using sleep and wake-up concept for wireless sensor network

The sensor network facilitates easy monitoring in hazardous environments like forests war fields, etc. The wireless sensor network comprises several sensor nodes (SN) to observe and record the environment’s physical conditions. The collected and organized data is transmitted to base station. The battery power of SN is limited. The distribution of nodes is randomly in the network area causes overlapping and coverage hole problems. The uncovered area in the network is called as coverage hole problem. The coverage optimization and hole healing protocol is proposed to optimized the overlapping and coverage hole problem in the network using the various phases as Initialization of the network, cluster formation, cluster head selection and sleep and wake-up phase. The overlapping and coverage hole issues are optimized by using the premise condition of sensors node to achieve maximum coverage within a specific sensing range. The relationship is established among coverage area and radius of SN through probability and statistic theory. The Sleep and Wake-up phase is used for the selection of few nodes to be active for coverage. The proposed protocol is contrasted with various existing protocols such as LEACH, TEEN, SEP and DEEC routing protocol. The simulation performance of the proposed protocol with LEACH, TEEN, SEP and DEEC routing protocols shows improvement in stability period of network and enhanced network lifetime.