Carbon and Water Use Efficiencies: A Comparative Analysis of Ten Terrestrial Ecosystem Models under Changing Climate

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作者
Bassil El Masri
Christopher Schwalm
Deborah N. Huntzinger
Jiafu Mao
Xiaoying Shi
Changhui Peng
Joshua B. Fisher
Atul K. Jain
Hanqin Tian
Benjamin Poulter
Anna M. Michalak
机构
[1] Murray State University,Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences
[2] Woods Hole Research Center,School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Sustainability
[3] Northern Arizona University,Environmental Sciences Division and Climate Change Science Institute
[4] Oak Ridge National Laboratory,Department of Biological Sciences
[5] University of Quebec at Montreal,Jet Propulsion Laboratory
[6] California Institute of Technology,Department of Atmospheric Sciences
[7] University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign,International Center for Climate and Global Change Research, School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences
[8] Auburn University,Department of Global Ecology
[9] NASA Goddard Space Flight Center,undefined
[10] Carnegie Institution for Science,undefined
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Scientific Reports | / 9卷
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摘要
Terrestrial ecosystems carbon and water cycles are tightly coupled through photosynthesis and evapotranspiration processes. The ratios of carbon stored to carbon uptake and water loss to carbon gain are key ecophysiological indicators essential to assess the magnitude and response of the terrestrial plant to the changing climate. Here, we use estimates from 10 terrestrial ecosystem models to quantify the impacts of climate, atmospheric CO2 concentration, and nitrogen (N) deposition on water use efficiency (WUE), and carbon use efficiency (CUE). We find that across models, WUE increases over the 20th Century particularly due to CO2 fertilization and N deposition and compares favorably to experimental studies. Also, the results show a decrease in WUE with climate for the last 3 decades, in contrasts with up-scaled flux observations that demonstrate a constant WUE. Modeled WUE responds minimally to climate with modeled CUE exhibiting no clear trend across space and time. The divergence between simulated and observationally-constrained WUE and CUE is driven by modeled NPP and autotrophic respiration, nitrogen cycle, carbon allocation, and soil moisture dynamics in current ecosystem models. We suggest that carbon-modeling community needs to reexamine stomatal conductance schemes and the soil-vegetation interactions for more robust modeling of carbon and water cycles.
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