Convective Heat Transfer in the Flow of a Nanofluid in an Inclined Square Enclosure

The natural convective heat transfer in an inclined square enclosure filled with nanofluids of different types with nanoparticles having various shapes was investigated numerically using the finite-element technique based on the Galerkin weighted residual. The flow of a nanofluid in the enclosure was simulated with regard for the Brownian motion of the nanoparticles in the nanofluid, the position of a uniform heat source in the enclosure, the intensity of the magnetic field in it, and the orientation of this field. It was established that the rate of heat transfer in the fluid flow in the enclosure depends substantially on the Rayleigh and Hartmann numbers, the volume fraction of the nanoparticles in the base fluid, the angle of inclination of the enclosure, and the position of a heat source in it. The dependence of the average rate of heat transfer in the enclosure on the position of a heat source in it and on the angle of inclination of the enclosure was calculated for the first time.