Echocardiographic Follow-up of Grown-ups with Congenital Heart Disease: Update 2013

There is a burgeoning population of adults with congenital heart disease (CHD) due to successful medical and surgical intervention in childhood. This group of patients requires careful echocardiographic evaluation and follow-up of the residua and sequellae of their cardiac anomalies. This review addresses the guidelines for evaluation and management of the grown-up with CHD, the contributions of 3D echo in their assessment, and the current status and new developments in noninvasive determination of ventricular volumes and function. The contribution of stress and contrast echocardiography for the adult with CHD is considered. The application of transcatheter interventions for this population is included with particular regard for the role of echocardiography pre- and postprocedure. Particular problems presented by pregnancy for the adult CHD patient are also reviewed. © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media New York.