Psychiatrically relevant signatures of domain-general decision-making and metacognition in the general population

被引：18
作者：
Christopher S. Y. Benwell
Greta Mohr
Jana Wallberg
Aya Kouadio
Robin A. A. Ince
机构：
[1] Division of Psychology, School of Humanities, Social Sciences and Law, University of Dundee, Dundee
[2] School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Glasgow, Glasgow
来源：
npj Mental Health Research | / 1卷 / 1期
基金：
英国惠康基金; 英国工程与自然科学研究理事会;
关键词：
D O I：
10.1038/s44184-022-00009-4
中图分类号：
学科分类号：
摘要：
Human behaviours are guided by how confident we feel in our abilities. When confidence does not reflect objective performance, this can impact critical adaptive functions and impair life quality. Distorted decision-making and confidence have been associated with mental health problems. Here, utilising advances in computational and transdiagnostic psychiatry, we sought to map relationships between psychopathology and both decision-making and confidence in the general population across two online studies (N’s = 344 and 473, respectively). The results revealed dissociable decision-making and confidence signatures related to distinct symptom dimensions. A dimension characterised by compulsivity and intrusive thoughts was found to be associated with reduced objective accuracy but, paradoxically, increased absolute confidence, whereas a dimension characterized by anxiety and depression was associated with systematically low confidence in the absence of impairments in objective accuracy. These relationships replicated across both studies and distinct cognitive domains (perception and general knowledge), suggesting that they are reliable and domain general. Additionally, whereas Big-5 personality traits also predicted objective task performance, only symptom dimensions related to subjective confidence. Domain-general signatures of decision-making and metacognition characterise distinct psychological dispositions and psychopathology in the general population and implicate confidence as a central component of mental health. © The Author(s) 2022.
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