Linear Reciprocating Motion Energy Harvester Systems Based on Multiple Operation Modes: A Review

Different forms of energy exist in the environment, including wind, thermal, and vibratory energy. The harvesting and exploitation of green and sustainable energy has become a research hot topic. This paper discusses the latest advances in piezoelectric energy harvesters in terms of energy type, working mode, and practical application. First, the different energy types are separated into wind and vibration energy, and the source types are compared and summarized. Secondly, the working methods are divided into the nonlinear harvester method, frequency upconversion acquisition method, and multi-mechanism acquisition method, and the working methods are compared and summarized. Finally, the potential development and application prospects for linear motion energy collection technology are discussed and analyzed.