Preparation and characterization of super-hydrophobic and oleophobic surface

A novel method for preparing and characterizing super-hydrophobic and oleophobic surface is presented. Aluminum (Al) substrate was roughened by sandblasting and electrolytic etching to obtain micro- and nano-sized complex morphologies. Then, its substrate was covered by a chemically adsorbed monolayer (CAM) containing a fluorocarbon group. The surface of Al substrate roughened and covered with CAM was observed by scanning electron microscope and atomic force microscope. The roughnesses of the surface were ca. 100 μm and ca. 30–60 nm, respectively. The surface of the wettability was characterized by contact angle measurements and its surface indicated super-hydrophobicity and oleophobicity: the water contact angle (WCA) and oil contact angle (OCA) of hexadecane was 158.9° and 139.6°, respectively. The wettability was also characterized by solid surface energy. The solid surface energy of each solvent was obtained from the equation by Neumann et al. These values were extremely low, ranging from 0.31 to 1.29 mN/m. The total solid surface energy was obtained from the equation by Kaelble et al. The value was 0.3 mN/m. Their values indicated that the hydrophobicity and oleophobicity of our sample reached the highest level possible. In addition, our research demonstrates that it is easy to compare many different surfaces with super-hydrophobicity and oleophobicity using the solid surface energy.