Periaortitis induced by epirubicin and cyclophosphamide for a patient with advanced breast cancer

Aortitis is an extremely rare condition, and it may mimic febrile neutropenia during cancer chemotherapy. A 55-year-old female diagnosed with T2N1M1 stage IV breast carcinoma received chemotherapy with EC (epirubicin 90 mg/m2 and cyclophosphamide 600 mg/m2 every 3 weeks). At the eleventh day after the first administration of EC, she developed a high-grade fever of 38 °C and stomatitis. We started the intravenous administration of antibiotics at hospitalization, because the laboratory data showed normal white blood cell values 3800/μl but a severe inflammatory reaction (CRP 25.13 mg/dl). The fever and high CRP value continued, and the WBC rose to 14,500/μl at 20th day. However, her condition was stable. On the 25th day after the administration of EC, she complained of back pain, so we performed computed tomography (CT) again and observed thickening of the rind surrounding the descending aorta and bilateral pleural effusion, indicating acute periaortitis. We performed examinations concerning vasculitis and connective tissue disease, but the values were all within normal ranges showing no relationship with other diseases. We stopped the administration of antibiotics on the 20th day, and while we did not administer corticosteroids, however, the fever was resolved and her WBC decreased. She was discharged on day 33, and the other chemotherapy was restarted with pertuzumab, trastuzumab and docetaxel. The patient has remained well without inflammatory reactions. CT at 90 days after EC therapy showed the resolution of the thickened rind of the descending aorta and no aneurysmic changes.