LiMn2O4-based cathode thin films for Li thin-film batteries

Substitution methods for Mn3+ in a spinel lithium manganese oxide with other cations have been used to prevent capacity degradation during the electrochemical charge and discharge of Li-batteries by increasing the average valence of Mn. In particular, in this review we outlin the effects of Sn substitution on the cycling performance of LiMn2O4 thin films that can be used as positive electrode in Li-batteries. The thin films were prepared by using pulsed laser deposition and solution deposition with regard to the structural and the electro-chemical characteristics.