Spontaneous pneumomediastinum: A report of five cases

Conclusion: SPM is a self-limiting disease in which symptoms subside with conservative management in most cases. However, drainage of mediastinal air may be inevitable when vital structures of the mediastinum are severely compromised. In the presence of symptoms which are highly suggestive of SPM, obtaining a CT of the chest will confirm the diagnosis. If not suspected clinically, more invasive diagnostic tools such as oesophagoscopy and/or bronchoscopy may not be warranted in order to rule out perforation of an air containing mediastinal organ. © 2005 Indian Association of Cardiovascular-Thoracic Surgeons.