Publicly verifiable and efficiency/security-adjustable outsourcing scheme for solving large-scale modular system of linear equations

Solving large-scale modular system of linear equations (ℒℳSℒE\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$\mathcal {LMSLE}$\end{document}) is pervasive in modern computer and communication community, especially in the fields of coding theory and cryptography. However, it is computationally overloaded for lightweight devices arisen in quantity with the dawn of the things of internet (IoT) era. As an important form of cloud computing services, secure computation outsourcing has become a popular topic. In this paper, we design an efficient outsourcing scheme that enables the resource-constrained client to find a solution of the ℒℳSℒE\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$\mathcal {LMSLE}$\end{document} with the assistance of a public cloud server. By utilizing affine transformation based on sparse unimodular matrices, our scheme has three merits compared with previous work: 1) Our scheme is efficiency/security-adjustable. Our encryption method is dynamic, and it can balance the security and efficiency to match different application scenarios by skillfully control the number of unimodular matrices. 2) Our scheme is versatile. It is suit for generic m-by-n coefficient matrix A, no matter it is square or not. 3) Our scheme satisfies public verifiability and achieves the optimal verification probability. It enables any verifier which is not necessarily the client to verify the correctness of the results returned from the cloud server with probability 1. Finally, theoretical analysis and comprehensive experimental results confirm our scheme’s security and high efficiency.