Transmission-line analysis of an Epsilon Near Zero tunneling circuit using a double ridge rectangular waveguide

We present a simple method for efficient modeling of the tunneling effect in an Epsilon Near Zero (ENZ) channel waveguide based on a transmission-line model. The proposed ENZ channel uses a double-ridge rectangular waveguide (RWG) and is located in the middle of the input-output standard rectangular waveguides (IORWG). The height of the channel waveguide is much smaller than that of the IORWG. The detailed design of the ENZ channel is presented, and the optimum length for tunneling phenomena is calculated. These theoretical studies highlight the substantial differences between this unique tunneling phenomenon and higher-frequency Fabry-Perot resonances. We perform a simulation for the designed ENZ channel by using a commercial FEM simulator. The simulated and the measured results for the fabricated ENZ channel structure are in good agreement.