Efficacy and safety of anakinra in tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated periodic syndrome (TRAPS) complicated by severe renal failure: a report after long-term follow-up and review of the literature

Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated periodic syndrome (TRAPS), caused by mutations in the TNFRSF1A gene, is the most frequent autosomal dominant autonflammatory disease displaying a relevant risk of reactive AA amyloidosis, if left untreated. Our report deals with one adult with TRAPS complicated by amyloidosis-related renal failure, treated with the recombinant human interleukin-1 receptor antagonist anakinra at a higher than conventional dosage. This treatment did not present any adverse event and led remarkably to the disappearance of all TRAPS-related manifestations and prompt decrease of laboratory abnormalities, including proteinuria. A review of the medical literature has been also considered to evaluate efficacy and safety of interleukin-1 inhibition in patients with TRAPS.