Glomangiopericytoma of the Nasal Cavity with CTNNB1 p.S37C Mutation: A Case Report and Literature Review

Glomangiopericytoma (GPC) is a rare mesenchymal tumor arising from the nasal cavity or paranasal sinuses. GPC was categorized as a borderline and low-malignant-potential tumor by the World Health Organization in 2005 and accounts for less than 0.5% of all sinonasal tumors. We report a case of GPC in a 74-year-old woman with a history of recurrent epistaxis and nasal obstruction. A reddish tumor was seen in the right nasal cavity. Enhanced computed tomography showed a mass lesion occupying the right nasal cavity. The tumor, which originated from the nasal septum in the olfactory fissure area, was resected with 5-mm mucosal margins by endoscopic sinus surgery. Histologic examination revealed a uniform proliferation of oval-to-short spindle-shaped cells beneath the epithelium. Immunohistologic analysis demonstrated the tumor cells were positive for α-smooth muscle actin, β-catenin and Vimentin, and negative for AE1/AE3, Bcl-2, CD34, CD117, Factor VIIIR Ag, S-100 protein, or STAT6. The percentage of Ki-67-positive cells was approximately 5%. Genetic analysis using next-generation sequencing revealed a missense mutation in the CTNNB1 gene (c.110C > G, p.S37C). While other CTNNB1 mutations have been described in GPC; this is the first report of this specific mutation. The mutation was confirmed using Sanger sequencing.