Detection of up-conversion in nano-structure BaTiO3 co-doped with Er3+ and Yb3+ ions

Nano-structure pure barium titanate BaTiO3 (BT) and (BT) co-doped with constant concentration of Er3+ ions and different concentrations of Yb3+ ions were prepared using sol–gel method. XRD results confirmed that the pure sample was found to crystallize in tetragonal phase by sintering at 750 °C for 1 h. All major peaks corresponding to perovskite BT phase appeared. Efficient infrared-to-visible up-conversion is reported in the doped samples. The conversion process and results in the generation of visible emissions are discussed. Up-conversion efficiency for red emission predominates in doped samples. Results illustrate the large potential of this class of materials for photonic applications in optoelectronics devices.