The psychological state of society has a complex effect on all spheres of life, particularly, as is shown by the experience of the disintegration of the Soviet Union, on the demographic and socioeconomic situation in the country. Today the Russian Federation is affected by external and internal threats caused by the instability of the geopolitical situation and protracted long-standing economic problems. In this connection, the task of improving the psychological state and mental health of society becomes a priority. It is one of the most important factors of national security for Russia. On the basis of official statistical data and the authors' sociological studies, this article argues that Russian society is gradually adapting to the post-Soviet living environment. However, social atomization in society remains high, which aggravates psychological problems at the latent level. The authors of this article consider the causes of these negative processes.