The application of electrochemical detection in capillary electrophoresis

The coupling of electrochemistry and capillary electrophoresis may present an interesting approach in the environmental oxidative samples and biological systems. The attractive advantages with respect to new material in chemically modified electrodes and electrode configuration provide a wide scope for the developments of capillary electrophoresis with electrochemical detection. In this review, recent advances in the design and application of electrochemical (EC) detection systems in capillary electrophoresis (CE) are reviewed, with the objective of providing an overview of the capillary electrophoresis electrochemical (CE-EC) construction and detection of a broad scale of compounds, from small inorganic ions to organic species and biomolecules. In addition, CE-EC applications are summarized for various specific electrochemical detections including amperometry, conductivity, capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection (C4D), and voltammetry. Here, the achievements in CE-EC for the time period between 2012 and 2016 are reviewed.