Bone tumors and metastases: tips for initial diagnosis and follow-up Update 2019

Benign bone tumors are frequently discovered as incidental findings, whereas malignant tumors and metastases often become clinically noticeable due to pain or swelling. The initial radiological diagnostics by conventional X-ray imaging, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) play an important role in the assessment of dignity and further treatment planning. The aftercare of bone tumors is necessary for the recognition of recurrences and distant metastases as well as the detection of complications, e.g. after implantation of a prosthesis. Implanted metal and posttherapeutic alterations can impede the aftercare due to artifacts and treatment-associated tissue alterations. In addition to the recommendations of the Association of the Scientific Medical Societies in Germany (AWMF), the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) and the European Society of Musculoskeletal Radiology (ESSR), study protocols can be used as orientation for the aftercare of individual primary malignant bone tumors.