Heterocypsela brachylepis (Compositae: Vernonieae: Dipterocypselinae), a new species from the Brazilian dry forest

Limestone or calcareous outcrops are geological formations that support tropical forests regarded as relict communities with many endemic species. However, these environments are constantly threatened by mining of calcareous rock. The genus Heterocypsela H.Rob. (Compositae, Vernonieae: Dipterocypselinae) has been long-known from only one species which is endemic to Brazilian limestone outcrops in the State of Minas Gerais. During field work on limestone outcrops of northern Minas Gerais, a second species of Heterocypsela was discovered. This species is described in the genus Heterocypsela since it has relatively long-pedunculate heads, dimorphic cypselae with only cubic crystals, glandular apical anther appendages and echinolophate type “C” pollen. Further investigation in herbarium specimen databases (Specieslink and Herbario Virtual Reflora) revealed other specimens of a new species, Heterocypsela brachylepis J.N.Nakaj. & D.Marques, expanding its geographic distribution to southwestern Bahia and southeastern Tocantins States in Brazil, in the same habitat. Heterocypsela brachylepis is described and illustrated. Despite its wide geographic distribution, this species should be considered Critically Endangered (CR), criterion D according to the IUCN guidelines, due to its restricted occurrence and few individuals.