Earthquake disaster map using GIS analysis: a case study of Bener Meriah-Aceh, Indonesia

This study aimed to analyze earthquake disaster risk based on the Bener Meriah-Aceh map in Indonesia, specifically focusing on the event that occurred on July 2, 2013, measuring 6.2 on Richter scale with a significant impact on both society and the environment. The method used was Geographic Information System (GIS), a technique for disaster analysis. Earthquake disaster map which was produced by referencing the Indonesian law for disaster map standard (Perka BNPB 2/2012) was analyzed using an overlay of three components, namely, hazard, vulnerability, and capacity. Furthermore, the generation of earthquake hazard map involved the collection of some data, such as the SNI earthquake map (Indonesia National Standard), the length of an active fault, ten years of MMI (Modified Mercalli Intensity) map, fault density, and geomorphology and geology maps. Vulnerability earthquake map was obtained by analyzing the physical, economic, and social hazard data, while capacity map was calculated using the indicator in the Hyogo Framework for Actions. The results showed that 122 people were exposed to the low-level earthquake risk, with 37,768 belonging to the threatened vulnerable group, leading to physical-economic losses of IDR 368 billion (Indonesian Rupiah). In the medium category, 1869 people were exposed, and 48,809 were potentially vulnerable, resulting in physical-economic losses of IDR 718 billion. Perka BNPB 2/2012 states that the exposed victims were directly impacted in the risk area (low-medium–high). The vulnerable group comprises children under 5, the elderly, people with disabilities, and individuals living in poverty within the analyzed districts. Therefore, earthquake disaster risk analysis for the Bener Meriah district yielded two categories, namely, medium and low.