Comparative Study of Electrochemical Sensors Based on Enzyme Immobilized into Polyelectrolyte Microcapsules and into Chitosan Gel

The characteristics of an electrochemical biosensor based on a Prussian-blue screen-printed electrode containing glucose oxidase incorporated into polyelectrolyte microcapsules (PMC) are considered. PMC with the embedded enzyme were formed using sodium polystyrene sulfonate and poly(allylamine hydrochloride). The characteristics were compared with those of the enzyme immobilized in chitosan gel. We assessed the dependences of biosensor signals on the composition of the buffer solution, on the glucose concentration; the operational and long-term stabilities. The enzyme immobilized in PMC proved to be more sensitive to buffer molarity at a maximum within 35–40 mM. The apparent Michaelis constants were 1.5 and 4.1 mM at the immobilization in, respectively, chitosan and PMC. The developed biosensors were used to assay commercial juices. The biosensors' data on the glucose contents were shown to have a high correlation with the standard spectrophotometric assay (0.92–0.95%), which implies a possible application of the fabricated biosensors in foodstuff analysis.