Thermal two-phase analysis of nanomaterial in a pipe with turbulent flow

In this context, to scrutinize the treatment of nanofluid within a thermal unit equipped with turbulators, two-phase approach was implemented. Three cases were employed: helical tape (HT) (case I), Barrier helical tape (BHT) (Case II), Perforated BHT (Case III). The regime of fluid is turbulent which was modeled via K-ɛ method. The values of ΔP for case II are 1.36 and 1.4 times higher than case III at Re = 5000 and 20,000, respectively. With the enhance of Re, the maximum increment of Nu was reported for a third case in which 215.25% augmentation has been observed. Exergy loss has been scrutinized in current article to find the best design. Greater pumping power causes the radial flow to increase and more distortion occurs in isotherms which offer lower irreversibility and exergy drop. Second case has lowest exergy loss and can suggest obtaining the highest available work for the unit. At lowest Re, changing the configuration from case II to case I and III makes the exergy drop to augment about 20.46% and 8.87%. In addition, for the best case, augmenting Re leads to 81.35% reduction in exergy loss. The greatest impact of inlet velocity can be reached by considering case I.