The uncertainty principle in the presence of quantum memory

被引:661
作者
Berta, Mario [1 ,2 ]
Christandl, Matthias [1 ,2 ]
Colbeck, Roger [1 ,3 ,4 ]
Renes, Joseph M. [5 ]
Renner, Renato [1 ]
机构
[1] ETH, Inst Theoret Phys, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
[2] Univ Munich, Fac Phys, D-80333 Munich, Germany
[3] Perimeter Inst Theoret Phys, Waterloo, ON N2L 2Y5, Canada
[4] ETH, Inst Theoret Comp Sci, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
[5] Tech Univ Darmstadt, Inst Appl Phys, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany
基金
瑞士国家科学基金会;
关键词
KEY DISTRIBUTION; UNCONDITIONAL SECURITY; CRYPTOGRAPHY; SEPARABILITY;
D O I
10.1038/NPHYS1734
中图分类号
O4 [物理学];
学科分类号
0702 ;
摘要
The uncertainty principle, originally formulated by Heisenberg(1), clearly illustrates the difference between classical and quantum mechanics. The principle bounds the uncertainties about the outcomes of two incompatible measurements, such as position and momentum, on a particle. It implies that one cannot predict the outcomes for both possible choices of measurement to arbitrary precision, even if information about the preparation of the particle is available in a classical memory. However, if the particle is prepared entangled with a quantum memory, a device that might be available in the not-too-distant future(2), it is possible to predict the outcomes for both measurement choices precisely. Here, we extend the uncertainty principle to incorporate this case, providing a lower bound on the uncertainties, which depends on the amount of entanglement between the particle and the quantum memory. We detail the application of our result to witnessing entanglement and to quantum key distribution.
引用
收藏
页码:659 / 662
页数:4
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