Basal metabolic rate and the risk of urolithiasis: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study

Objective: Few studies have investigated the impact of basal metabolic rate (BMR) on the development of urolithiasis, and the causal relationship is yet to be established. In this study, a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was utilized to identify the causal relationship between BMR and risk of urolithiasis. Method: Genetic instruments for BMR were drawn from a public genome-wide association study (GWAS). Summary dates on BMR and urolithiasis were obtained from a GWAS meta-analysis with sample sizes of 454,874 and 212,453, respectively. The inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method was provided as the main approach to estimate the causal relationship. The weighted-median method and the MR-Egger method were used as supplements to the IVW method. In addition, we conducted sensitivity analyses, including heterogeneity tests, pleiotropy tests and leave-one-out analysis, to assess the robustness of the outcomes. Furthermore, the funnel plot asymmetry was visually inspected to evaluate possible bias. Results: The inverse-variance weighted data revealed that genetically predicted BMR significantly decreased the risk of urolithiasis [beta coefficient (beta): − 0.2366, odds ratio (OR): 0.7893, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.6504–0.9579, p = 0.0166]. Conclusions: BMR has causal effects on urolithiasis in an MR study, and the risk of urolithiasis in patients with lower levels of BMR is higher. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2024.