HIV-associated opportunistic CNS infections: pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment

被引:0
|
作者
Lauren N. Bowen
Bryan Smith
Daniel Reich
Martha Quezado
Avindra Nath
机构
[1] Section of Infections of the Nervous System,Department of Pathology
[2] National Institute for Neurologic Disorders and Stroke,undefined
[3] National Institutes of Health,undefined
[4] Translational Neuroradiology Unit,undefined
[5] National Institute for Neurologic Disorders and Stroke,undefined
[6] National Institutes of Health,undefined
[7] National Cancer Institute,undefined
[8] National Institutes of Health,undefined
来源
Nature Reviews Neurology | 2016年 / 12卷
关键词
D O I
暂无
中图分类号
学科分类号
摘要
Opportunistic infections of the CNS, such as cryptococcal meningitis, cerebral toxoplasmosis, and tuberculous meningitis, are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in HIV-positive individualsCerebral toxoplasmosis should be suspected in patients with AIDS who present with movement disorders; progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) should be suspected in those patients with AIDS who present with cortical blindnessCerebrospinal fluid sample analyses can facilitate diagnosis of PML, cryptococcal or tuberculous meningitis and cytomegalovirus encephalitisA definitive diagnosis of cerebral toxoplasmosis requires a combination of serological testing, MRI findings, and in certain cases, brain biopsyOn MRI, toxoplasmosis often manifests with several brain abscesses with predilection for the basal ganglia, whereas PML typically manifests as diffuse white matter lesions with predilection for the subcortical U fibresIn patients with HIV or AIDS, treatment with antiretroviral drugs in the setting of opportunistic infections can lead to a paradoxical worsening of symptoms, caused by immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome
引用
收藏
页码:662 / 674
页数:12
相关论文
共 50 条
  • [31] Diagnosis of opportunistic infections in HIV/AIDS
    Narang, P
    Mendiratta, DK
    Narang, R
    INDIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL RESEARCH, 2005, 122 (04) : 355 - 355
  • [32] HIV-associated pediatric tuberculosis: prevention, diagnosis and treatment
    Kay, Alexander
    Garcia-Prats, Anthony J.
    Mandalakas, Anna Maria
    CURRENT OPINION IN HIV AND AIDS, 2018, 13 (06) : 501 - 506
  • [33] Diagnosis and treatment of HIV-associated lymphoma: Update 202
    Hentrich, Marcus
    DEUTSCHE MEDIZINISCHE WOCHENSCHRIFT, 2021, 146 (11) : 724 - 727
  • [34] Differential diagnosis and treatment of HIV-associated polyneuropathies and myopathies
    Husstedt, IW
    von Giesen, HJ
    Rosenkranz, T
    Schielke, E
    Evers, S
    Arendt, G
    MEDIZINISCHE WELT, 1998, 49 : 47 - 51
  • [35] THE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT OF HIV-ASSOCIATED HEMATOLOGICAL ABNORMALITIES
    KACZMARSKI, RS
    MUFTI, GJ
    HAEMATOLOGIA, 1993, 25 (01) : 1 - 17
  • [36] Opportunistic infections of the CNS in patients with AIDS - Diagnosis and management
    Collazos, J
    CNS DRUGS, 2003, 17 (12) : 869 - 887
  • [37] HAART and war with HIV-associated CNS dysfunction
    Kalaria, R
    NEUROREPORT, 2001, 12 (03) : A13 - A13
  • [38] HIV-Associated CNS Vasculopathy in the Modern Era
    Chang, Gregory Youngnam
    JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY, 2017, 13 (01): : 103 - 104
  • [39] HIV-Associated Neuropathic PainEpidemiology, Pathophysiology and Management
    Susama Verma
    Lydia Estanislao
    David Simpson
    CNS Drugs, 2005, 19 : 325 - 334
  • [40] Diagnosis of HIV-associated tuberculosis
    Dorman, Susan E.
    CURRENT OPINION IN HIV AND AIDS, 2018, 13 (06) : 462 - 468