Distal Intramural Spread Is an Independent Prognostic Factor for Distant Metastasis and Poor Outcome in Patients With Rectal Cancer: A Multivariate Analysis

[1] Ruo L(1999)Major 20th-century advancements in the management of rectal cancer Dis Colon Rectum 42 563-578

[2] Guillem JG(1951)Local recurrences after sphincter-saving excision for carcinoma of the rectum and rectosigmoid Br J Surg 39 199-211

[3] Goligher JC(1983)Reappraisal of the 5 centimetre rule of distal excision for carcinoma of the rectum: a study of distal intramural spread and of patients’ survival Br J Surg 70 150-154

[4] Dukes CE(1986)An analysis of survival and treatment failure following abdominoperineal and sphincter-saving resection in Dukes’ B and C rectal carcinoma. A report of the NSABP clinical trials. National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project Ann Surg 204 480-489

[5] Bussey HJ(1983)The relationship between the extent of distal clearance and survival and local recurrence rates after curative anterior resection for carcinoma of the rectum Ann Surg 198 159-163

[6] Williams NS(1995)Distal spread of rectal cancer and optimal distal margin of resection for sphincter-preserving surgery Cancer 76 388-392

[7] Dixon MF(1954)Distal intramural spread of the rectum and rectosigmoid Surg Gynecol Obstet 99 421-430

[8] Johnston D(1974)A comparison of restorative resection of carcinoma of the middle third of the rectum with abdominoperineal excision Aust N Z J Surg 44 354-356

[9] Wolmark N(1990)Distal intramural spread of carcinoma of the rectum correlated with lymph nodal involvement Surg Gynecol Obstet 170 45-48

[10] Fisher B(1998)Surgical treatment of adenocarcinoma of the rectum Ann Surg 227 800-811

[1] Ruo L(1999)Major 20th-century advancements in the management of rectal cancer Dis Colon Rectum 42 563-578

[2] Guillem JG(1951)Local recurrences after sphincter-saving excision for carcinoma of the rectum and rectosigmoid Br J Surg 39 199-211

[3] Goligher JC(1983)Reappraisal of the 5 centimetre rule of distal excision for carcinoma of the rectum: a study of distal intramural spread and of patients’ survival Br J Surg 70 150-154

[4] Dukes CE(1986)An analysis of survival and treatment failure following abdominoperineal and sphincter-saving resection in Dukes’ B and C rectal carcinoma. A report of the NSABP clinical trials. National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project Ann Surg 204 480-489

[5] Bussey HJ(1983)The relationship between the extent of distal clearance and survival and local recurrence rates after curative anterior resection for carcinoma of the rectum Ann Surg 198 159-163

[6] Williams NS(1995)Distal spread of rectal cancer and optimal distal margin of resection for sphincter-preserving surgery Cancer 76 388-392

[7] Dixon MF(1954)Distal intramural spread of the rectum and rectosigmoid Surg Gynecol Obstet 99 421-430

[8] Johnston D(1974)A comparison of restorative resection of carcinoma of the middle third of the rectum with abdominoperineal excision Aust N Z J Surg 44 354-356

[9] Wolmark N(1990)Distal intramural spread of carcinoma of the rectum correlated with lymph nodal involvement Surg Gynecol Obstet 170 45-48

[10] Fisher B(1998)Surgical treatment of adenocarcinoma of the rectum Ann Surg 227 800-811