Echocardiography in Infective Endocarditis: State of the Art

[21] Nettles R(1998)Differentiating thrombus from pannus formation in obstructed mechanical prosthetic valves: an evaluation of clinical, transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiographic parameters J Am Coll Cardiol 32 1410-1736

[22] Fowler VG(2003)Obstruction of St Jude Medical valves in the aortic position: histology and immunohistochemistry of pannus J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 126 401-E201

[23] Ryan T(2013)Treatment of obstructive thrombosed prosthetic heart valve J Am Coll Cardiol 62 1731-2382

[24] Chirillo F(2013)The incremental value of RT three-dimensional TEE in the evaluation of prosthetic mitral valve ring thrombosis complicated with thromboembolism Echocardiography 30 E198-2178

[25] Pedrocco A(2015)Prosthetic valve thrombus versus pannus: progress with imaging Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 8 e004283-484

[26] De Leo A(2013)Positron emission tomography/computed tomography for diagnosis of prosthetic valve endocarditis: increased valvular 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose uptake as a novel major criterion J Am Coll Cardiol 61 2374-19

[27] Bruni A(2014)TAVR-associated prosthetic valve infective endocarditis: results of a large, multicenter registry J Am Coll Cardiol 64 2176-87

[28] Totis O(1998)Pacemaker infective endocarditis Am J Cardiol 82 480-2107

[29] Meneghetti P(2007)Pacemaker endocarditis: clinical features and management of 60 consecutive cases Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 30 12-1250

[30] Jassal DS(1999)Pacemaker lead infection: echocardiographic features, management, and outcome Heart 81 82-23

[21] Nettles R(1998)Differentiating thrombus from pannus formation in obstructed mechanical prosthetic valves: an evaluation of clinical, transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiographic parameters J Am Coll Cardiol 32 1410-1736

[22] Fowler VG(2003)Obstruction of St Jude Medical valves in the aortic position: histology and immunohistochemistry of pannus J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 126 401-E201

[23] Ryan T(2013)Treatment of obstructive thrombosed prosthetic heart valve J Am Coll Cardiol 62 1731-2382

[24] Chirillo F(2013)The incremental value of RT three-dimensional TEE in the evaluation of prosthetic mitral valve ring thrombosis complicated with thromboembolism Echocardiography 30 E198-2178

[25] Pedrocco A(2015)Prosthetic valve thrombus versus pannus: progress with imaging Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 8 e004283-484

[26] De Leo A(2013)Positron emission tomography/computed tomography for diagnosis of prosthetic valve endocarditis: increased valvular 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose uptake as a novel major criterion J Am Coll Cardiol 61 2374-19

[27] Bruni A(2014)TAVR-associated prosthetic valve infective endocarditis: results of a large, multicenter registry J Am Coll Cardiol 64 2176-87

[28] Totis O(1998)Pacemaker infective endocarditis Am J Cardiol 82 480-2107

[29] Meneghetti P(2007)Pacemaker endocarditis: clinical features and management of 60 consecutive cases Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 30 12-1250

[30] Jassal DS(1999)Pacemaker lead infection: echocardiographic features, management, and outcome Heart 81 82-23