The energy transfer dynamics between Yb3+ and Er3+ ions in lithium niobate is investigated after ytterbium-pulsed excitation at 920 nm. The sensitisation of the LiNbO3:Er3+ system with Yb3+ ions does not modify the lifetime of the 4I13/2 erbium level (1.5-μm emission), whereas it induces a marked, concentration-dependent change in the lifetime of the 2F5/2 (Yb3+) and 4S3/2 (Er3+) multiplets (1060-nm and 550-nm emissions, respectively). The results are analysed by using the rate-equation formalism and cross-relaxation model for the energy transfer.