Investigating the level of vitamin D receptor gene expression in two tumoral and healthy breast tissues in breast cancer patients and its association with prognostic factors

Background Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers known among women. This study aimed to investigate the level of vitamin D receptor gene expression in two tumoral and healthy breast tissues in breast cancer patients and its association with prognostic factors.Methods This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in 2022 on 50 patients with high suspicion of breast cancer who were candidates for mastectomy and lumpectomy in a learning hospital. From the patients, two tissue samples were prepared, and there was a total of 100 samples. The samples were subjected to H/E staining and evaluated by a pathologist. The presence or absence of malignancy in each sample was confirmed by two pathologists, and HER2/ER/PR indices were determined. Descriptive and analytical statistical methods and SPSS version 22 software were used.Results The average age of the patients was 51.60 +/- 11.22 years old, and the average tumor size was 3.17 +/- 1.28. Most tumors were grade 2 (48%). The expression of HER2, ER, and PR was positive in 24, 64, and 54%, respectively. The largest number of cases were in stage 2A. The expression level of vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene in healthy tissue (2.08 +/- 1.01) was higher than tumoral tissue (0.25 +/- 1.38) (P = 0.001). In tumoral and healthy tissue, VDR expression was not significant according to tumor grade, HER2, ER, PR, LVI, LN, disease stage, age, and tumor size.Conclusions The expression level of VDR in healthy tissue was significantly higher than tumoral tissue. However, there was no significant relationship between VDR and tumor grade, HER2, ER, PR, LVI, LN, disease stage, age, and tumor size.