To what extent are anorectal function tests comparable? A study comparing digital rectal examination, anal electromyography, 3-dimensional high-resolution anal manometry, and transperineal ultrasound

[1] Tantiphlachiva K(2010)Digital rectal examination is a useful tool for identifying patients with dyssynergia Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 8 955-960

[2] Rao P(2000)Prospective assessment of the clinical value of anorectal investigations Digestion 61 207-214

[3] Attaluri A(2020)Mechanisms, evaluation, and management of chronic constipation Gastroenterology 158 1232-1249

[4] Rao SSC(2018)Expert consensus document: advances in the evaluation of anorectal function Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 15 309-323

[5] Vaizey CJ(2021)Reliability of digital rectal examination as compared to anal manometry in chronic anal fissure Asian J Surg 44 1015-1016

[6] Kamm MA(2013)Reliability and differentiation of pelvic floor muscle electromyography measurements in healthy volunteers using a new device: The Multiple Array Probe Leiden (MAPLe) Neurourol Urodyn 32 341-348

[7] Bharucha AE(2015)Accuracy and reproducibility of high-definition anorectal manometry and pressure topography analyses in healthy subjects Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 13 1143-1150.e1

[8] Lacy BE(2007)Anal inspection and digital rectal examination compared to anorectal physiology tests and endoanal ultrasonography in evaluating fecal incontinence Int J Colorectal Dis 22 783-790

[9] Carrington EV(1989)The external anal sphincter - relationship between anal manometry and anal electromyography and its clinical relevance Dis Colon Rectum 32 112-116

[10] Beatrice DO(2002)Strength-duration testing of the external anal sphincter in females with anorectal dysfunction Dis Colon Rectum 45 83-90

[1] Tantiphlachiva K(2010)Digital rectal examination is a useful tool for identifying patients with dyssynergia Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 8 955-960

[2] Rao P(2000)Prospective assessment of the clinical value of anorectal investigations Digestion 61 207-214

[3] Attaluri A(2020)Mechanisms, evaluation, and management of chronic constipation Gastroenterology 158 1232-1249

[4] Rao SSC(2018)Expert consensus document: advances in the evaluation of anorectal function Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 15 309-323

[5] Vaizey CJ(2021)Reliability of digital rectal examination as compared to anal manometry in chronic anal fissure Asian J Surg 44 1015-1016

[6] Kamm MA(2013)Reliability and differentiation of pelvic floor muscle electromyography measurements in healthy volunteers using a new device: The Multiple Array Probe Leiden (MAPLe) Neurourol Urodyn 32 341-348

[7] Bharucha AE(2015)Accuracy and reproducibility of high-definition anorectal manometry and pressure topography analyses in healthy subjects Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 13 1143-1150.e1

[8] Lacy BE(2007)Anal inspection and digital rectal examination compared to anorectal physiology tests and endoanal ultrasonography in evaluating fecal incontinence Int J Colorectal Dis 22 783-790

[9] Carrington EV(1989)The external anal sphincter - relationship between anal manometry and anal electromyography and its clinical relevance Dis Colon Rectum 32 112-116

[10] Beatrice DO(2002)Strength-duration testing of the external anal sphincter in females with anorectal dysfunction Dis Colon Rectum 45 83-90