Update on thyroid-associated Ophthalmopathy with a special emphasis on the ocular surface

被引：16
作者：
Novaes P. [1 ]
Diniz Grisolia A.B. [1 ]
Smith T.J. [1 ,2 ,3 ]
机构：
[1] University of Michigan Medical School, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, Ann Arbor, 48105, MI
[2] University of Michigan Medical School, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Ann Arbor, 48105, MI
[3] Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Brehm Tower, 1000 Wall Street, Ann Arbor, 48105, MI
来源：
Clinical Diabetes and Endocrinology | / 2卷 / 1期
基金：
美国国家卫生研究院;
关键词：
Graves' disease; Ocular surface; Ophthalmopathy; Orbit; Thyroid;
D O I：
10.1186/s40842-016-0037-5
中图分类号：
学科分类号：
摘要：
Thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) is a condition associated with a wide spectrum of ocular changes, usually in the context of the autoimmune syndrome, Graves' disease. In this topical review, we attempted to provide a roadmap of the recent advances in current understanding the pathogenesis of TAO, important aspects of its clinical presentation, its impact on the ocular surface, describe the tissue abnormalities frequently encountered, and describe how TAO is managed today. We also briefly review how increased understanding of the disease should culminate in improved therapies for patients with this vexing condition. © 2016 The Author(s).
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