Ecotourism and its impact on indigenous people and their local environment: case of Ghalegaun and Golaghat of Nepal

Ecotourism has had an impact on the local environment, economy, culture, and society. But indigenous communities living near the protected area where ecotourism is practiced might not be receiving any benefits. Instead, these communities affected by the establishment of protected areas are facing human-wildlife conflicts. It is necessary to observe the impacts of ecotourism in the indigenous communities and their local environment. A study was carried out in two popular ecotourism destinations: Ghalegaun and Golaghat of Nepal. Data was collected through household surveys, key informant interviews, focused group discussions, and other secondary sources. Graphical and descriptive analysis was carried out in Microsoft Excel and Statistical Package for Social Survey-20. Ecotourism had supported the conservation of flora and fauna, the promotion of alternative energy sources, and the management of solid waste. It had also enhanced women empowerment, institutional support, infrastructures of development, and local culture. An increase in tourism employment had supported their livelihood. But, there was an increase in the price of basic goods, modernization of youth, and chances of solid waste management problems with an increasing number of visitors. For the sustainability of ecotourism in the area, effective management of waste, regulation of price, and involvement of local people in tourism are important. Regular studies on attitude and perception of local people towards eco-tourism and conservation should be prioritized.