Effect of reduction and carburization pretreatment on iron catalyst for CO hydrogenation to light olefins was investigated. The bulk structure and surface composition of the catalysts during pretreatment were characterized by means of X-ray diffraction(XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy(HRTEM). The results indicated that phase transformation of iron phases involved α-Fe2O3→Fe3O4→α-Fe both in the bulk and on the surface layers in hydrogen atmosphere. However, α-Fe2O3 was firstly transformed to Fe3C and then to Fe5C2 in CO atmosphere, while in syngas atmosphere directly to Fe5C2. As carburization pretreatment time was prolonged, the degree of carburization on the surface increased, and the increase degree of iron catalyst carburization in CO pretreatment was stronger than that in syngas pretreatment. It inferred that surface carbon species was more easily formed in syngas pretreatment instead of iron carbide in CO pretreatment. After hydrogen pretreatment, when the catalyst was reduced to a mixture of magnetite and metallic iron, the selectivity to light olefins was relatively low. Under the joint effects of the active sites from surface iron carbide and surface carbon layers blocking the active sites, longer CO pretreatment time resulted in higher methane selectivity and less light olefins. The selectivity to methane on H2-pretreated catalyst was lower than that of CO-pretreated catalyst.
