A review on the genus Populus: a potential source of biologically active compounds

Genus Populus (Salicaceae family) consists of dioecious, deciduous, and commercially important forest tree species which are widely spread over the Northern Hemisphere. Traditionally, Populus species are used in the treatment of rheumatism, arthritis, lower back pains, urinary complaints, digestive, liver disorders, debility, anorexia, fevers, and also relieve the pain of menstrual cramps. This review compiles or discusses the general morphology, ethno-medicinal uses and phytochemistry of Populus species along with their pharmacological activities (anti-microbial, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity, anti-diarrhea, and anti-oxidants) covering the period of 1990–2020. The literature shows that the genus Populus is a rich source of phytocompounds especially phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and terpenoids, etc. A total of one hundred and fifty-nine constituents were isolated from different plant parts like leaves, bark, buds, and roots of Populus species. Only some of the phytocompounds were screened for their biological activities and the rest of them are unexplored. Through this review, the authors hope to attract the attention of natural product researchers throughout the world to focus on the unexplored species of Populus and their unique phytocompounds. This review underlines the potential of phytocompounds from Populus species that could lead to a new pathway in Pharma industries.