Granular matter

被引：0
作者：
P.-G. de Gennes
机构：
[1] Collège de France 11,Laboratoire de Physique de la Matière Condensée
来源：
La Rivista del Nuovo Cimento | 2006年 / 29卷 / 8期
关键词：
D O I：
10.1007/BF03548919
中图分类号：
学科分类号：
摘要：
Rice, sand, and others: we call granular matter any collection of solid particles with sizes larger than one micron. This has a precise meaning: submicronic particles have Brownian motion. Larger particles have none: granular matter is essentially at zero temperature. But this does not imply that the sample is in a unique ground state! A heap of grains can achieve many shapes: most of them being metastable. (For instance, on a flat support, the only stable states correspond to a monolayer—no stacking—where the gravitional energy is minimized).
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页数：32
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