D2D pervasive communication system with out-of-band control autonomous to 5G networks

D2D (device-to-device) communication is one of the developments of 5G networks (5th generation mobile networks) that reduce mobile traffic load, reduce energy consumption and effectively use the available electrical radio spectrum. An increase in the number of mobile devices might, in theory, promote D2D communications to 5G networks; however, in practice, the D2D communications technologies, such as Wi-Fi Ad-Hoc, Bluetooth and Wi-Fi Direct, are not available or require human interaction. To overcome these limitations, a middleware based on Wi-Fi infrastructure mode, which establishes connections and performs data exchange without human interaction, is presented. Practical proofs of the concept demonstrate that the middleware enables transparent D2D communications for 5G applications.