Distinct gut microbiota profiles of Asian honey bee (Apis cerana) foragers

Bee gut microbial communities have been studied extensively and linked to honey bee biology in terms of stages of bee development and behavior. Associations of bee gut microbiota in health and disease have also been explored. A large number of studies have centered on the gut microbiome of Apis mellifera, with similar investigations lagging far behind in Asian honey bee foragers. In this study, we characterized and compared the gut bacterial profiles of foragers and nurse bees of A. cerana and A. mellifera. Analysis of 16S rRNA partial gene sequences revealed significant differences in gut bacterial communities between the two honey bee species. Despite sharing dominant taxa, Bacteroides was more abundant in A. cerana, while Proteobacteria was higher in A. mellifera. Specific gut members are distinctly associated with hosts performing different tasks (i.e. nurse bees versus foragers). An exclusive abundance of Apibacter detected in Asian honey bee seemed to be a microbial signature of A. cerana foragers. Overall, our study highlights that variations in gut microbiota could be linked to task-specific (nurse bees and foragers) bacterial species associated with honey bees. Future investigations on the symbiotic relationship between host and the resident microbiota would be beneficial for improving honey bee health.