Diverse optical solitons to the complex Ginzburg–Landau equation with Kerr law nonlinearity in the nonlinear optical fiber

This work considers the complex Ginzburg–Landau equation with Kerr law nonlinearity, which is used widely to model soliton propagation in the presence of detuning factor. Abundant optical solitons including the bright soliton, dark soliton, bright-like soliton, kinky-bright soliton, double-bright soliton, perfect periodic soliton, singular periodic soliton and other solitons that expressed in the term of the generalized hyperbolic, generalized trigonometric, hyperbolic, trigonometric and rational functions are constructed by three recent techniques, namely the variational direct method, Sardar-subequation method and Sub-equation method. The profiles of the absolute parts are illustrated in the form of 3-D plots, 2-D contours and 2-D curves by choosing proper parametric values to interpret the physical behaviors of the optical solitons. The corresponding physical explanations are elaborated. To our knowledge, the obtained solutions in this work are all new and have not been reported elsewhere, which can be used to extend the exact solutions of the studied model. Furthermore, the results found in this work are expected to shed a light to the study of the soliton theory in optics.