Development of Polymer Composites in Radiation Shielding Applications: A Review

Radiation shielding materials based on composites play a crucial role in safeguarding nuclear-related installations, equipment, and employees from harmful radiation. With the advent of new and challenging nuclear security conditions, the development of radiation-protective materials has undergone significant changes. Thanks to the advancements in science and technology, especially in the field of nanomaterials technology, it is now possible to produce radiation protection materials that offer high all-around performance. This article discusses the current research on composite-based radiation shielding materials. It first describes the current state and distribution of radiation shielding studies worldwide. Then, it categorizes and reviews composite-based radiation protection materials, taking into account the study topic and the field’s requirements. The three broad categories of composite-based radiation protection materials are polymer-based composites, metal-based composites, and fabric-based composites. Space radiation shielding materials are categorized separately (as a point of reference). The mechanical, thermal, and shielding properties of radiation protection materials are briefly discussed here. In addition, the primary research challenges are outlined along with the research methodologies that academics employ to examine properties and property change trends. Finally, a summary of the properties of the radiation protection materials discussed in the complete paper is provided, followed by an analysis of the current research gaps and potential future paths.