Biochar impact on microbial population and elemental composition of red soil

Biochar is carbonized biomass obtained from sustainable sources detained in soil to improve the fertility of agricultural soil. The porous nature and absorptive properties of biochar have the potential to immobilize elements, which provide an ideal environment for the soil biota that helps to enhance the growth of plants. In this study, different feedstocks such as sugarcane bagasse (SB), plant material (PM), and manure biomass (MB) were pyrolyzed for the production of biochar. Elemental contents of the feedstock’s and voucher were determined with the help of the atomic absorption mass spectrometer. Elemental concentration was significantly increased in biochars compared to raw materials. A pot experiment with 2% and 4% of each biochar was conducted on chili plant to elucidate the beneficial effects on plant growth as compared to control soil, the elemental analysis of the plant soil contained each biochar showed to progressively increase in the concentration of manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), and copper (Cu) as these are trace elements and have important role in plant growth system. Microbial population in biochar amended soil was also evaluated to check the impact on bacterial populations. Soil with 2% biochar showed 16% increase in the microbial load while biochar with 4% increased the microbial population up to 50%. Furthermore, biochar treatments to red soil increased the elemental Cu, Mn, and Zn concentrations, respectively, and also increased the soil pH. Consequently, soil productivity increased in terms of plant growth by balancing the concentration of elements and also increased the microbial population. It is concluded that biochar use in agriculture could be effective for the soil fertility and increasing plant growth and soil bacteria.