Refractive Index Sensing–Based Ultra Sensitive Black Phosphorus Configured Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensor for the Detection of Glucose Level

A proposed surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor inclusion of black phosphorus (BP) nanomaterial is presented in this paper. The performance of the sensor is compared with sensors based on graphene, MoS2, MoSe2, WS2, and WSe2. The optimal thickness of the Cu-Ni layer with BP is determined using the angular interrogation method, resulting in the highest sensitivity of 525°/RIU at a wavelength of 633 nm. The results indicate that the proposed sensor outperforms other 2D nanomaterial-based sensors in terms of sensitivity. Furthermore, the sensor is used for detecting glucose levels in urine samples. By optimizing the thickness of the Cu layer, a maximum sensitivity of 430.10°/RIU is achieved for glucose level detection. It is observed that the proposed configuration with other 2D nanomaterials enhances the sensitivity at a lower thickness of Ni.