Hyperglycemia and Mortality Risk in Patients with Primary Intracerebral Hemorrhage: A Meta-Analysis

Hyperglycemia may be associated with worse functional outcomes in patients with primary intracerebral hemorrhage. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the relationship between hyperglycemia and mortality risk in patients with primary intracerebral hemorrhage. We searched PubMed and Embase databases for studies investigating the association between hyperglycemia and mortality risk in patients with primary intracerebral hemorrhage. We estimated the pooled relative risk (RR) with its 95 % confidence interval (95 % CI) to assess the impact of hyperglycemia on mortality risk. Seventeen studies with a total of 6527 primary intracerebral hemorrhage patients were included. Meta-analysis of those studies showed that hyperglycemia significantly increased risk of mortality in patients with primary intracerebral hemorrhage (RR = 2.36, 95 % CI 1.79–3.12). Subgroup analysis by time of follow-up showed that hyperglycemia significantly increased risk of short-term mortality (RR = 3.97, 95 % CI 2.13–7.43) and long-term mortality (RR = 1.53, 95 % CI 1.14–2.05). The RR of mortality for per 1-mmol/L increment in glucose level was 1.14 (95 % CI 1.06–1.22). In patients with primary intracerebral hemorrhage, hyperglycemia significantly increases risk of both short-term mortality and long-term mortality.