URAP: a new ultra-lightweight RFID authentication protocol in passive RFID system

RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) is a crucial application technology in the Internet of Things (IoT) technology. The IoT terminal device needs to be authenticated before accessing the IoT network in order to avoid security holes. Due to the limited resources of the tag side in passive RFID systems, ultra-lightweight RFID authentication protocols are often used in such systems. Based on the characteristics of the ultra-lightweight authentication protocol, we propose a safe and efficient mutual authentication protocol which uses only bitwise operation including XOR and circular left-rotation operation. Cryptanalysis shows that the proposed protocol can prevent many known attacks and has better security performance than some existing ultra-lightweight protocols. In addition, performance evaluation shows that the proposed protocol performs better than the existing ultra-lightweight protocols in terms of computational cost, storage requirement and communication cost.