Modeling and optimization of novel biodiesel production from non-edible oil with musa balbisiana root using hybrid response surface methodology along with african buffalo optimization

This research aims to produce a novel biodiesel fuel with standard quality from the non-edible oil with Lithium doped Calcium Oxide (Li–CaO) based heterogeneous nanocatalyst derived from Musa balbisiana Root ash. The characterization of the prepared nanocatalysts was achieved by X-ray diffractometer (XRD), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-Ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques. Moreover, the production time and yield were optimized by a novel Hybrid Response Surface Methodology along with African Buffalo Optimization (HRSM-ABO) algorithm. The proposed method simulation was done on the Matlab platform. According to the simulation and experimental outcomes, the optimum biodiesel yield of nearly 97.8% was achieved at the conditions that the 4 wt% of catalyst amount, 15:1 methanol to the oil of molar ratio, reaction time of 150 min and the reaction temperature of 65 °C with Amplitude of 75%. Consequently, reusability investigation proved that there the catalytic action of the improved catalyst was moderately decreased after 7 cycles. The mechanism of the proposed transesterification process was understood by the estimation of kinetic study. Furthermore, the physiochemical properties of the proposed biodiesel were measured. This result signified that the newly prepared Li–CaO was the most suitable catalyst to make biodiesel, which can be utilized in diesel engines.