The impact and causal directions for the associations between diagnosis of ADHD, socioeconomic status, and intelligence by use of a bi-directional two-sample Mendelian randomization design

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作者
Madeleine Michaëlsson
Shuai Yuan
Håkan Melhus
John A. Baron
Liisa Byberg
Susanna C. Larsson
Karl Michaëlsson
机构
[1] Dalarna University,Department of Education
[2] Institute of Environmental Medicine,Unit of Cardiovascular and Nutritional Epidemiology
[3] Karolinska Institutet,Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Pharmacology
[4] Uppsala University,Department of Medicine
[5] University of North Carolina School of Medicine,Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health
[6] University of North Carolina,Department of Surgical Sciences, Unit of Medical Epidemiology
[7] Uppsala University,undefined
来源
BMC Medicine | / 20卷
关键词
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; ADHD; Socioeconomic status; Education; Intelligence; Income; Townsend deprivation index; Mendelian randomization; Gene; GWAS;
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