Status Epilepticus: an Overview for Neuroscientists

Recent FindingsEvidences suggest the pathophysiological role of GABA, glutamate, inflammatory cascade, hypoxia, etc. in the development of status epilepticus (SE). But the exact understanding of SE seizure is still unknown.Purpose of ReviewSE is a lethal neurological disorder that is associated with elevated rates of mortality and morbidity. SE is demarcated by recurring seizures caused by a failure of mechanisms responsible for the termination of seizures or from the initiation of mechanisms, which lead to abnormally, persistent seizures after time point (t1). Long-term consequences are spotted in this condition after time point (t2), together with the death of neurons, neuronal injury, and alteration of neuronal networks, depending on the type and duration of seizures. Clinically first-line treatment with benzodiazepines is given for seizure inhibition. But in severe cases, these drugs are not efficient for treatment. The unavailability of viable medications to halt the onset and progression of the condition could be due to a lack of understanding of the pathophysiological mechanism. Due to the complexity of the brain, it is very difficult to understand exact pathways; thorough understanding of pathophysiology would be beneficial in designing new drug regimen for patients.SummaryThis review paper emphasizes on pathophysiology, etiology, diagnostic parameters, and drugs used in the secession of seizures promptly, which would be helpful for the development of effective therapeutics.