High-performance one and two-dimensional doped polypyrrole nanostructure for polymer solar cells applications

Hydrochloric acid-doped polypyrrole one and two dimensions have been produced in the existence of methyl orange dye (MO) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) using ferric chloride (anhydrous) as an oxidizing agent via oxidative polymerization method. Both MO and SDS played an exclusive rule in the preparation of polypyrrole. Using MO produces PPy nanotubes (PPy-M) while using SDS produces sheet form (PPy-S). The use of doped polymer instead of polymer is one of the most critical tasks to improve the electrical conductivity of the fabricated polymer solar cells. The structure of doped polypyrrole was examined by FTIR. Surface morphologies were studied by SEM technique. The thin films of the doped polypyrrole [PPy-S]TF and [PPy-M]TF were fabricated by utilizing the physical vapor deposition (PVD) technique at 5 × 10−5 mbar with a thickness of 150 ± 5 nm/25 °C. The doped polypyrrole thin films were tested by both experimental and, DFT theoretical methods (DMOl3), including FT-IR spectrum and optical properties. The results specifically determine that ΔEgOpt\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\Delta {E}_{g}^{\text{Opt}}$$\end{document} values and it found up to 2.88 eV and 2.15 eV by the DFT calculations of HOMO and LUMO for [PPy-S] and [PPy-M], respectively. This result indicates that the doped polypyrrole tubes have a conductor property more than [PPy-S]. The heterojunction represents a photo-voltaic performance through Voc=0.59V\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${V}_{\text{oc}}=0.59 V$$\end{document}, Jsc=4.88mA/cm\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${J}_{\text{sc}}=4.88 \,\text{mA/cm}$$\end{document}, FF=0.532\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\text{FF}=0.532$$\end{document} and, η=4.85\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\eta =4.85$$\end{document} underillumation neath 50 mW/cm2 white-light lighting. The comparison between the one and two-dimensional polypyrrole was achieved based on different parameters.