Detection of organic free radicals in irradiated Foeniculi fructus by electron spin resonance spectroscopy

Foeniculi fructus were irradiated with an electron beam and organic free radicals were detected by electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy for the purpose of identifying radio-disinfected and sterilized herbal drugs. An ESR single-line spectrum near g = 2.005 was observed in the sample before irradiation. After irradiation, the intensity of the signal near g = 2.005 increased. In addition, two subsignals derived from cellulose radicals were observed approximately 3 mT to either side of the main signal, at g = 2.023 and g = 1.987. The intensity of the subsignal at g = 2.023 was proportional to the absorbed dose of radiation. The decrease in intensity of the signals was considerable 2 weeks after irradiation, and continued to decrease steadily thereafter. Among the signals, the fading of the subsignal at g = 2.023 was relatively small. The intensity of the subsignal at g = 2.023 was detectable for over 1 year in the sample that had been irradiated to the level of disinfection and sterilization. Therefore, organic free radicals in irradiated Foeniculi fructus can be measured rapidly and with high sensitivity by ESR spectroscopy. The stable signal at g = 2.023 is a promising indicator of the detection of irradiated herbal drugs.